A preschool, also known as a nursery school, pre-primary school, or playschool, is an educational facility or learning space that provides children with early childhood education before they begin compulsory primary school education. It may be run publicly or privately and can be funded by public funds. In some European countries, the term "kindergarten" refers to formal education of children classified as ISCED level 0 – with one or several years of such education being compulsory – before children start primary school at ISCED level 1.
The most important years of learning begin at birth. In the early years, the brain evolves more quickly. For disadvantaged students, high-quality teachers and preschools may have a long-term impact on improving outcomes. The areas of development that preschool education covers vary. Some themes offered include personal, social, economic, and emotional development, communication, creative and aesthetic development, mathematical awareness, physical development, and several others. Preschool programs meet institutional requirements (administration, class size, student-teacher ratio, facilities), process (classroom environment consistency, interactions between teacher and child, etc.), and component alignment (standards, curriculum, evaluations). The program is intended for different ages. Counting to 10, for example, is normally after the age of four. Some studies dispute the benefits of preschool education, finding that preschool can be detrimental to cognitive and social development. There is emerging evidence that high-quality preschools are "play-based," rather than attempting to provide early formal instruction in academic subjects.
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